Infertility arises in both male and females in about one-eighth of the couples. Despite advanced reproductive procedures, pregnancy is still unsuccessful in many cases. Using stem cell therapy, a range of medical conditions have been cured such as Azoospermia, Oligospermia, endometrial thinning, poor ovarian reserve and Asherman syndrome. Associated with infertility experts, stem cell therapy has been promising approach for ovarian regeneration and in vitro gamete formation.

Male infertility is more common than perceived and affects one-third of the couples. It is a social stigma which delays diagnosis and treatment. While there are prominent symptoms of the disease, it can manifest itself through abnormal sperm quality or quantity. It is mostly diagnosed through semen analysis of the hormonal levels. Common conditions include Azoospermia (no sperm production), oligospermia (low sperm production) or Erectile Dysfunction (loss of sexual drive and penile erection).

Female Infertility has been approached through various artificial reproductive techniques. With stem cell technology, functional recovery of the ovaries has been envisaged leading to favorable outcomes. Stem cell implantation can induce folliculogenesis and has been reported to restore fertility.